![]() Many people believe if a tree is not dead, then it’s okay. River birch may grow with a single stem or have a multi-stemmed form as shown. A tree canopy should be full and green during the growing season, unless it is autumn and showing fall color. Whether a conifer (left) or a hardwood (right), most trees grow best with a single, dominant stem for the tree trunk. As the tree grows, branches should spread from the main stem without crossing one another. ![]() Furthermore, the leaves should be green and expanded without stunting or wrinkling. During the growing season, a healthy tree should have a full canopy of leaves. As trees age, the structural roots enlarge, forming the root plate. On a healthy tree, the root collar flares at the base of the trunk as the structural roots radiate away from the main stem supporting the tree in the soil (Figure 3). Preferably, the trunk of the tree should be straight and the bark intact, without bulges or cracks. Some species of trees, like the river birch, have a multi-stemmed growth formation (Figure 2). ![]() What makes a tree healthy? Whether the tree is a conifer or hardwood, there should be a single, dominant main stem (Figure 1). Trees give us shade in the summer, reduce noise and pollution from traffic, increase property values, and enhance our quality of life. However, trees contribute more than dollars and cents they provide our cities, towns, and neighborhoods with numerous environmental benefits. Forests and forest industry contribute over $13 billion to the state economy every year. The combination of fertile soil, plenty of rain, and ample sunshine, ensure that trees are the predominant vegetation. ![]()
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